In part 2, I will address the more recent history of the Jewish people and the rise of Zionism, beginning in Israel circa 70 AD.
Since the very center of Judaism, the temple, was destroyed, many precepts had to be re-written. Thus was born Rabbinic Judaism, a religion of good works and not blood sacrifice and atonement. The ancient sages then wrote the mishna and the gemarra, which is 18,000 pages of oral commentary (called the Talmud) on the first five books of the scriptures - the Torah. The remainder of the Tanakh (which we call the Old Testament, the writings and the prophets) are not widely studied in Judaism, even today.
Interestingly, the sect of Sadduccees did not focus mainly on the Torah the way the Pharisees did. They included the writings and the prophets in their studies. But at the fall of Jerusalem, the Sanhedrin (made up of Sadduccees) was disbanded and scattered. The writings and the prophets contain most of the prophecies regarding the coming Messiah.
A group of Jewish people celebrate the Torah in Jerusalem |
In 132 AD, a rebellion began in Judea
led by bar Kochba. Rabbi Akiva called
him the Messiah, so believers in Yeshua distanced themselves from this
rebellion. Rome was not amused by the rebellion, and in
135 AD, violently and completely crushed the rebellion, killing many and
driving most remaining Jews from the land.
Emperor Hadrian renamed Jerusalem
and called it Aelia Capitolina, and renamed the holy land Syria Palestina, after the
ancient and no-longer-existing enemies of the Jews - the Philistines. From this event stems the modern day name of "Palestine."
The Jews were thus dispersed to the four corners of the
earth, where they were persecuted everywhere they went. They were forcibly converted to
Christianity, expelled from lands where they settled, and killed in large
numbers. These three concepts continued throughout history, and can be described as such:
- You have no right to live among us as Jews
- You have no right to live among us
- You have no right to live
The crusades saw the deaths of many Jews in both Europe and the
The Spanish Inquisition, begun in 1492 (sound like a familiar year?), went after the Jewish people of
The Jews of the middle ages were blamed for the Black Death
(never mind that Jewish people died of the plague, too). Lies were circulated that Jews killed
Christian children to use their blood to make matzah - this is called blood libel. As ridiculous as this accusation is, it still
circulates today among anti-semitic circles.
Additionally, numerous racial expulsions took place against the Jews throughout the Middle Ages from European countries.
European expulsions and resettlement of Jewish people |
During the Reformation, Martin Luther hoped to convert Jews
en masse by removing the Catholic dogma.
When they did not respond as he had hoped, he turned on them, even going
so far as publishing a work called “On the Jews and their Lies.” I will not repeat the content here, but you can do an internet search and read it for yourself. Prepare to be appalled if you do.
Pogroms were frequent in Eastern Europe ,
where villages of Jews were attacked and they were killed or driven out. Have you seen Fiddler on the Roof? Although that was a fictitious depiction of a pogrom and expulsion in Russia, these things happened frequently!
Fiddler statue in Netanya, Israel |
A mysterious work of fiction arose in the
late 1800s which was hijacked by an anonymous writer and re-written to accuse
the Jews of trying to take over the world.
The new title was “The Protocols of the Learned Elders of Zion.” This book is still widely circulated and believed
today, especially in middle Eastern countries.
Henry Ford was a big fan of this book and required his employees to read
it. He refused to hire Jewish people in his factories.
Unfortunately, this fictitious book is still widely read (and believed) today. |
The idea of Zionism began to take form in the late 1800s
after a bloody and tragic Jewish history.
In France ,
a Jewish man in the French military, Alfred Dreyfus, was wrongfully accused of treason, simply
because he was Jewish. The scandal was
covered by a journalist named Theodor Herzl.
Herzl witnessed mass rallies
in Paris
following the Dreyfus trial, where many chanted "Death to the Jews!"
Herzl became convinced that the Jewish people must remove themselves from Europe and create their own state so that they could live
freely and without fear of persecution.
The first Zionist congress took place inBasel , Switzerland
in 1897. Jewish people began moving to
the Holy Land .
(An earlier influx of Jews to Palestine
had taken place in the 1200s, and Jews and Arabs lived side by side in
peace for hundreds of years).
World War I began. A chemical called acetone was needed to make bombs, and was mainly available fromGermany . A Russian-born chemist living in Great Britain
named Chaim Weizmann developed an acetone substitute that greatly contributed
to the ultimate victory of the Allies.
The Central Powers of Germany, Austria-Hungary , and the Ottoman
Turks lost the war.
As spoils of war, theOttoman Empire
was carved up among the Allies. The
Ottoman Turks had been rulers over most of the Middle East, including Palestine , for almost 500
years. Syria
and Lebanon were placed
under French rule, and Palestine
became part of the British Mandate.
Britian was grateful to Chaim Weizmann for his contribution to the war effort. Foreign secretary Arthur Balfour asked what Britian could do for him. Weizmann declared that his people were in desperate need of a homeland. Thus, the Balfour Declaration was issued in November of 1917, which said,
The first Zionist congress took place in
World War I began. A chemical called acetone was needed to make bombs, and was mainly available from
As spoils of war, the
Britian was grateful to Chaim Weizmann for his contribution to the war effort. Foreign secretary Arthur Balfour asked what Britian could do for him. Weizmann declared that his people were in desperate need of a homeland. Thus, the Balfour Declaration was issued in November of 1917, which said,
Muslim rioting, incited by al Husseini,
increased throughout the 1920s and 30s, causing Great Britian to try and
appease the Arabs living there, just as they were appeasing Adolf Hitler in Europe . In 1922,
77 percent of the original land of Palestine was given to the kingdom of Saudi Arabia
as a sovereign Arab nation. Initially
called Trans-Jordan because it was located across the Jordan river, the name
was shortened to simply Jordan . People tend to forget that today there
already IS a sovereign Arab nation in the land which was called Palestine for so many centuries.
In 1939, Great
Britian issued the MacDonald White Papers, which reneged on their 1917 promise
of a Jewish homeland. Just when the Jews
needed refuge the most from the upcoming holocaust, it was denied them. Jewish immigration to Palestine was stopped.
What followed was the murder of 6 million European Jews.
In the aftermath of World War 2, the horrors of the holocaust were brought to the forefront. The United Nations was formed, and in 1947 it drew up a plan called “Partition,” which split the remaining 23 percent ofPalestine
into two nations: one for Arabs, and one
for Jews. The Jews gladly accepted; the
Arabs flatly refused.
What followed was the murder of 6 million European Jews.
In the aftermath of World War 2, the horrors of the holocaust were brought to the forefront. The United Nations was formed, and in 1947 it drew up a plan called “Partition,” which split the remaining 23 percent of
Isaiah 66:8 says, Who has heard such a thing? Who has seen such things? Shall the earth be made to give birth in one day? Or shall a nation be born at once? For as soon as
The very day after Israeli Statehood was proclaimed, the infant country was invaded by six surrounding Arab countries:
Sadly, the Jewish quarter of the old city of
Many Arabs (about 700,000) on the
The strange thing about the Arab refugee situation is that about an equal number of Jews were then kicked out of surrounding Arab countries, where they had had a presence for hundreds, if not thousands of years. The difference is that tiny
Fast forward to 1967. The countries surrounding
Here is something to consider. Between the years of 1948 and 1967, no move was made to create a sovereign nation called "Palestine" by the Arabic people living in the Arab-controlled areas. Perhaps it is because those areas were under the control of Arab nations. The push for a separate state only began after Jewish control was established. Keep that thought in mind as we continue our journey through modern history. (The PLO, or Palestine Liberation Organization, was begun in 1964 and sought to regain the land that had become the sovereign state of Israel, not to create a country called Palestine in the Arab-controlled lands).
The next war took place in 1973.
The 1980s saw Israel embroiled in a minor war with Lebanon . In 1993, the first Intifada (uprising) began
with a big increase in Palestinian terrorism against Israel.
The second
intifada began in 2000 after a visit to the I don't deny that conditions for the residents of the Palestinian areas are bad. They are. What I do deny is that Israel is responsible for those conditions. Israel has a right and a duty to protect her citizens. The conditions are a direct result of the Palestinian leaders, such as al Husseini and Yasser Arafat, who for decades encouraged acts of terror against the people of Israel. The anti-Jewish rhetoric that is taught to small children in Palestinian schools is appalling. God holds leaders to a higher standard, with good reason. It's human nature - people tend to follow their leaders.
The modern-day “peace process” began under President George Bush Senior at a conference in
FYI, when reading an article on Israel, certain key words will tell you if the article has an anti-Israeli bias, such as “apartheid,” “ethnic cleansing,” “Occupied Territories,” or “illegal settlements.”
So why is this all happening? Why is there such worldwide attention on a place that is about one-fifth the size of
The millennial kingdom will be centered in Jerusalem |
Some people say
that the modern State of Israel is a secular state, and therefore could not be
God bringing the Jewish people back to the land. However, scripture shows in numerous places
that Israel
would be gathered to the land in a state of unbelief, and that the Lord would
reveal Himself en masse to the nation at His return.
Zechariah 12:10 says, in the context of the last days, that they will look upon Him who they have pierced and mourn. Yeshua says in Matthew 23, “You will not see me again UNTIL you say blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord” (quoting Psalm 118). Ezekiel shows an allegory of the dry bones coming out of the graves BEFORE coming back to life. Romans 11 confirms that God is not done with His chosen people, and that someday allIsrael will be saved.
The Jewish people are a living testimony of a faithful God. No other people group has survived as a distinct people group once kicked out of their country - for even a generation. Over 300 years ago, King Louis XIV ofFrance
asked Blaise Pascal, the great Christian philosopher, to give him proof of God.
Pascal answered, “Why the Jews, your Majesty, the Jews!”
Zechariah 12:10 says, in the context of the last days, that they will look upon Him who they have pierced and mourn. Yeshua says in Matthew 23, “You will not see me again UNTIL you say blessed is He who comes in the name of the Lord” (quoting Psalm 118). Ezekiel shows an allegory of the dry bones coming out of the graves BEFORE coming back to life. Romans 11 confirms that God is not done with His chosen people, and that someday all
The Jewish people are a living testimony of a faithful God. No other people group has survived as a distinct people group once kicked out of their country - for even a generation. Over 300 years ago, King Louis XIV of
That the Jewish nation—such a tiny group of people—survived
two thousand years of exile and persecution was nothing short of a supernatural
phenomenon. Pascal wasn’t the only one who was so amazed by the survival of the
Jewish people. Other thinkers, philosophers and historians have noticed
something unusual about the Jews. If God was done with the Jewish people as a nation, as Replacement Theology teaches, then why would He have bothered preserving them as a set-apart people? What would have been His point?
Jewish people worshipping at the Western Wall in Jerusalem |
God has miraculously preserved the Jewish people throughout
the centuries, in spite of severe
persecution, because of the unconditional covenant made with Abraham thousands
of years ago. “Then all will know that I
am the Lord.”
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